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Leul face parte din familia Felidae si este una 
dintre cele patru feline de talie mare din specia Panthera, alaturi de tigru, pantera si leopard.
Leii pot ajunge la o greutate de 250 kg (in special masculii), din specia lor fiind depasini ca marime numai de tigrii.
Leii salbatici traiesc in stepele deschise din Africa si vestul Asiei. In arealul lor formeaza diferite subspecii, care erau considerate in trecut ca specii distincte: leul din Colonia Capului, leul de Berberia, leul de Senegal etc. Ceea ce diferentiaza rasele intre ele este coama, care se dezvolta la mascul, avand un caracter sexual secundar si lipseste la femela.
Leii pot trai aproximativ 10-14 ani in salbaticie si pana la 20 de ani in captivitate. Sunt animale sociabile, comparativ cu celelalte feline din specia lor. Traiesc in general izolate, pe un teritoriu limitat. In timpul zilei se odihnesc – dorm pana la 22 de ore zilnic – intr-un adapost ascuns, in desisuri de papura sau alte ascunzisuri similare.
In timpul noptii pornesc la vanatoare. Leii, in special leoaicele, vaneaza numai in grup: doua sau mai multe leoaice urmaresc un singur animal – de regula, un animal de talie mare, pe care il sugruma. Dupa ce este doborata, victima este dusa in adapost si sfasiata acolo – este admirabila forta leilor, pentru ca pot trasporta pe distante relativ lungi animale foarte mari.
« Regele junglei » are un racnet care anihileaza sunetele tuturor celorlalte animale din imprejurimi: hiena este redusa la tacere, leopardul nu mai grohaie, animalele de turma isi asteapta infricosate soarta.
Leii traiesc in grupuri de maximum 40 de indivizi – in general 15, dintre care 5 femele inrudite, impreuna cu puii lor, de ambele sexe si doi masculi puternici, dominanti, care pazesc turma. Puii pot fi alaptati de oricare dintre leoaicele din grup. Cand ajung la pubertate masculii sunt exclusi din grup. Acestia traiesc in salbaticie, cautandu-si propria familie. Pentru a deveni membrii unui nou grup tinerii masculi poarta batalii sangeroase cu masculii dominanti ai grupuli vizat, pentru a le lua locul.
Daca reusesc sa cucereasca un grup si femelele grupului au deja pui, ele nu vor mai vrea sa se imperecheze cu noii masculi, ca urmare acestia ii vor omori pe vechii masculi pentru a se putea imperechea. Perioada de reproducere nu este legata, in general, de vreun anotimp.
Cand sunt in calduri, femelele se pot imperechea cu ambii masculi ai grupului, iar perioada de reproducere poate dura cateva zile, timp in care perechea poate avea de la 30 pana la 40 contacte sexuale pe zi, renuntand la hrana sau la alte activitati. Leii se reproduc excelent in captivitate. Perioada de gestatie dureaza 110 zile, dupa care femela naste intre 1 si 4 pui.
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